Interpolymers of a styrene, an allylic acrylate, and an allylic alcohol



Patented Main, 1948 UNITED STATES PATENT INTERPOLYMERS or A1 STYBENE. AN

ALLYLiC ACRYLAT ALCOHOL Robert H. Snyder,'Newa .rk, N. J., asaignor to I United States Rubber Company, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey 1:, AND an ALLYLIC.

New York, 1

No Drawing. Application July 12.1944. 5 1

Serial No.'544,626

'7 Claims. (c1. zen-'84) merization with other organic materials capable of addition polymerization. These new polymers are obtained by interpolymerizing styrene, an

allylic acrylate, and an allylic alcohol.

It is known to copolymerize styrene and allylic acrylates. When this polymerization is carried out at temperatures below 180C. insoluble, infusible products are formed, to the exclusion of any substantial quantity of soluble polymers, unless the concentration of polymerizable monomer in the reaction mixture is kept below 40% by weight. Solubleproducts can be formed at temperatures above 180-C. but the use of such elevatedtemperatures to carry out a polymerization is' undesirable since it necessitates the use of a closed system to avoid excessive loss of the monomeric starting materials.

The styrene-allylic acrylate resins can beobtaiued in soluble form, according to the prior art, by halting the polymerization before gelation occurs, or by carrying out the interpolymeriza-' tions in dilute solutions, but the low and ineflicient conversion of monomers to polymer renders the large-scale preparation of the products by this method economically dubious.

It is also known to the art that soluble interpolymers of styrene and allylic acrylate' can be obtained by carrying out the polymerization at temperaturesabove 180' C., insoluble products,

being formed at temperatures-below this point (U. S. Patent No. 2,290,164). However at such elevated temperatures there is an excessive loss of monomeric starting materials from the reaction mixture by volatilization, thus necessitatformed tends to vary directly with the time required to attain reaction.- temperatures; hence, the difliculties in securing. a reproducibly uniform product are materially enlarged.

I have found that by interpolymerizing styrene and an allylic acrylate in thepresence of asufll-tcient quantity of an allyuealcohol certain desirable and unexpected results are obtained. 1Z.*:

l) The polymerization. can; becarried, out; by the use of conventional peroxide catalysts at temperatures below 180 C. and to givehigh yields of soluble andiusible polymer. -It i s not necessary to use solutions containing less. than 40,% by weight-of polymerizable monomers to avoid the formation of insolubleinfusiblepolymer .at

these lower temperatures; fact the interpolymers of my invention are readily preparedinthe monomers themselves t I absen'ceof any solvent Otherthan the reactive the polymerization in I the absence of the allylic 1 alcohol. As a results lutions of y nrqduaisf organic solvents havelow viscositiejsg' allylic alcohol. They. containQ-attached to the 1 3) My newpolymers' are trueternary iinterpolymers of styrene,.an allylic acrylate and an polymer lchain, hydroxymethyl groups ,Lderived from the allyl c alcohol which hasinterpolymerized' with the other. two monomeric materials.

alcoholic 'hydroxyl group The presence of. these hydiO ymethy -lfgroupain the polymer renders it capableof being modifled by reactionv withreagents. known vto] react' with Bysuch reactionsmy new polymers may be converted into other modilfled] polymers having desirable properties. I f

(4 The styrene and allylic acrylate or, ;a.-Sl:lbstituted; .acrylate I Will: interpolymerize ,withlj' an allylie alcohol at moderatetemperatures to give jhigh yieldsfof ternary inter-polymers whichv are not only completely soluble in a variety "of organic solvents, but 'stillj'contain suiiilcient' residual un'satu rationtof enable them to be'jfu'rtherv polymerizedwith orwithout the addition 'oija" copolymerizable compound containing an' 'ethylenic H *linkage, to form insoluble,"-infusiblegresins.f,1

'-"allylic 'acrylate,-t he desiredjquantity r auyuc alcohol; and a *peroxide catalyst, suc "face'tyl In carrying out my] invention theLstyrene'jjthe peroxide, benzoyl peroxide,*tertiary butylhydrogen peroxide, are-mixed and thepolymeriz'ation carried "out in' the oil phase. The temperatures I employed usually' are in' the range ofirom 25f; C. to' C; although higherj temperaturesimayjbe employed-if desired; I generany i prefergiiqwever,

Jf-Y lament wherein. each R. can-be hydrogen' or' alkyli' e1 to carry out-the polymer-m m a temperatures below 120 'C. p v I The allylicacrylates -whichI have found tol' be P b e'ia y may; av te- 9m methyl or ethyl, or halogen, e. g., chlorine. Exemplary of such compounds are allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, methallyl acrylate, methallyl methacrylate. allyl alpha-chloroacrylate, and 2-chloroallyl methacrylate. In place of styrene, nuclearly substituted styrenes, and particularly para-substituted styrenes such as para-methyl-styrene, and para-chlorostyrene, can be employed. I have found, however, that styrenes in which the alpha hydrogen atom in the vinyl radical is replaced by another group, as in a-methyl-para-methylstyrene, show little tendency to polymerize under the conditions of my reaction and therefore are not included within the scope of the invention.

The allylic alcohols which can be used in the preparation of my new interpolymers are those which contain the structure Examples of such alcohols are allyl alcohol, 2- chloroallyl alcohol, z-methylallyl alcohol (usually referred to as methallyl alcohol), and 2-ethylallyl alcohol.

The relative proportions of the styrene and allylic acrylate in the interpolymer may be varied over a considerable range depending on the physical properties desired. The amount of the allylie alcohol used also may be varied considerably and will depend upon the molecular weight desired in the final interpolymer, and upon the amount of hydroxymethyl groups which it is deof ways. The polymers or my new invention may sired to have present in the polymeric product.

As little as 10% of an allylic alcohol based on the total weight of the other reactive monomers is suillcient to prevent the formation of insoluble.

' infusible products during the early stages of the polymerization, but to insure the production of a soluble, fusible, low molecular weight product, amounts in excess of of the allylic alcohol should be used. with larger amounts of allylic alcohol present, the major proportion of monomeric styrene and allylic acrylate can be converted to soluble polymer and with 75% or more of allylic alcohol in the reaction mixture no gelation occurs.

In carrying out the polymerization, the mixture of the styrene, allylic acrylate and allylic alcohol, together with the catalyst, is heated until the polymerization has been carried to the desired extent. The extent of polymerization may be determined either by. measuring the increase in the viscosity of the reaction mixture or by taking out samples from time to time and determining the amount orpolymer formed. The finished interpolymer may be recovered from the reaction mixture by extraction of the unreacted startin materials with a solvent therefor which is a nonsolvent for the polymer. Gasoline is a suitable solvent of this type. The polymer may be purified by dissolving it in a solvent for the polymer such as acetone and then adding enough or a nonsolvent such as gasoline to precipitate the pure polymer. I

The polymer may be dried and can be cast or molded in a known manner to form rods, blocks, or sheets. It can also be dissolved in an appropriate solvent and employed as a lacquer or impregnating and water-proofing composition for textiles, leather, wood, etc. Application of heat to any of such compositions, particularl in the presence of catalysts, induces further polymerization, and the resulting cross-linked products are quite indiflerent to elevated temperatures and are strongly resistant to attack by solvents.

be dissolved in such reactive solvents to form coating compositions which can then be polymerized to an insoluble, iniusible polymer without the necessity for the evaporation of a solvent. Such solutions may also be used as liquid casting compositions which are capable 01' being converted by the action of heat and suitable catalysts to solid materials. The low molecular weight of my new polymers enables them to form solutions of low viscosity in organic solvents and makes them particularly useful in the production 01' protective coatings.

Products of even lower molecular weight can be obtained by carrying out the interpolymerizations in the presence of regulator solvents such as carbon tetrachloride .which serve to decrease the length of the polymer chains. Products prepared by such methods are particularly desirable for securing coating compositions of low viscosity and high solids content.

The results of elementary analyses and of other specific tests on my interpolymers prove the presence of unsaturation and of free hydroxy1 groups derived from the introduction, respectively, of allylic acrylate and of allylic alcohol units into the polymer chain. The unsaturated interpolymers of my invention, being capable of conversion to insoluble infusible products, are particularly useful, either in the solid state or in solution, for coating, molding, casting, laminating and impregnating operations where articles capable of being preformed and then set" or cured in the final shape are desired. Solutions of my interpolymers in copolymerizable monomers are quite fluid even when they contain relatively large amounts of the reactive polymer dissolved in the monomer, and their low viscosities render them particularly suitable for application as coatin compositions bybrushing, spraying or dipping. Suitable dyes, pigments, fillers and plasticizers can be conveniently incorporated with my interpolymers at their soluble thermoplastic stage prior to final cure.

My interpolymers are capable of further modiflcation by treatment with reagents capable of reacting with the tree hydroxyl groups attached to thainterpolymerized allylic units of the polymer chain, e. g., with alkyl and acyl halides, acids and their anhydrides, isocyanates, and the corresponding dihalides, etc. The resulting ethers, esters and carbamates, etc., of my interpolymers can then be utilized in any of the commercial applications mentioned above.

The following examples are given to illustrate my invention in more detail; all parts are by weight:

Exllurns 1 A mixture of 78 parts of styrene, 142.0 parts of allyl acrylate, 660 parts of methallyl alcohol and 9.0 parts of benzoyl peroxide was heated at C. for 15.5 hours. Two tenths of a part of hydroquinone were then added to avert further polymerization and most of the unreacted methallyl alcohol was removed from the reaction mixture by distillation under reduced pressure. The viscous residue was purified by rerepeatedly dissolving it in acetone and precipitating it with gasoline, and after drying in vacuo, 215 parts of a colorless solid were obtained as the final product.

Analysis-Found: C, 73.4, 73.27%: H, 8.24, 8.14%. Iodine (Wijs) number=94.6, 94.8.

A solution containinggao parts of the interpolymer dissolved in 70 parts of acetone has a viscosity of 0.144 poise at 25 C. while a solution containing 30 parts of the interpolymer dissolved in 70 parts of methyl acrylate has a viscosity of 0.55 poise at 25 C.

The interpolymer appears to contain a plurality of each of the following units as integral components of thepolyme'ric chain:

A B C (Derived from (Derived from allyl acrylate) V v(Derived methallfl from I alcoho) OH:GH- styrene) OH: -CHC H2 -cmcom.cn=cm together with a minor number of units having the structure:

(Also derived from yl acrylate) -CHr-CH-' v (I)CCH=CH:

as well as the lactone unit:

- found in the distillate when the reaction mixture is subjected to fractional distillation 'to remove the unreacted methallyl alcohol as described above) These are:

1. Lactonization, in which adjacent units of to form a cyclic inner ester with the elimination of a molecule of allyl alcohol thus:

This reaction is favored by elevated temperatures.

2. Alcoholysis, in which the true allyl groups of the allyl acrylate units undergo an alcohol interchange with the unreacted methallyl alcohol in the reaction mixture. thus:

Interpolymeric Methallyl V allyl ester unit alcohol CH: -CH:-CH- CHz=-CHzOH Interpolymeric methallyl Allyl alcohol ester unit -cH,-o11- cm=on cmon =0 CH3- $-CHz-=CHg This reaction is favored by an excess of methallyl alcohol in the reaction'mixture.

EXAMPLE 2 The large amount of unsaturation in my interpolymer as indicated by the high iodine number enables the material to be further polymerized or copolymerized with great ease and speed. This is illustrated in the following examples:

(a) Three and one-half parts of the interpolymer of Example 1 were dissolved in a mixture of 0.7 part of cyclohexanone and 10 parts of acetone. The resulting solution was poured in a thin film on a glass panel and baked at 200 C. for 20 minutes. The resulting film was clear, tough, waterwhite, completely insoluble in boiling acetone and cyclohexanone, and hard and tack-free even at 200 C.

(b) A mixture of 2.5 parts of the interpolymer of Example 1 and 2.5 parts of diallyl adipate was dissolved in 7 parts of acetone containing 0.1 part of cyclohexanone. The resulting solution was poured as a film on a glass panel and after baking at 200 C. for 20 minutes, a clear, flexible,

tough insoluble film was formed.

(0) When diallyl phthalate was substituted for the diallyl adipate in (b) above, a clear, tough,

insoluble and somewhat harder film was obtained.

((1) A solution of 15 parts of the interpolymer of Example 1 in 7.5 parts of methyl acrylate was heated together with 0.2 parts of benzoyl peroxide for 16 hours at 60 C. and then for 8 hours at C. A clear, tough casting of Rockwell hard- .ness M55 was obtained which was insoluble in acetone.

(e) When methyl methacrylate was substituted for the methyl acrylate in (d) above, a clear, insoluble casting was obtained but having Rockwell hardness of M95.

the polymer chain, derived respectively frommethallyl alcohol and from allyl acrylate, react (f) Tough, flexible films were obtained in each case when n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate and 7 tetrahydro-furiuryl acrylate were copolymerized with the unsaturated interpolymer as in the above examples.

Examrn 3 8 ing an allylic alcohol with styrene and an allylic acrylate in increasing the yield of soluble interpolymer. a number or interpolymerizations were carried out in which mixtures containing vary- 5 mg proportions of styrene, the allylic acrylate (a) A mixture of 2 .0 p ts o s y and the allylic alcohol were heated at 60 c. with parts of allyl acrylate a d Parts 0 methallyl benzoyl peroxide until the mixtures had polymeralcohol was dissolvedin61.2 parts of carbon tetram t the point of incipient gelation. At this chloride (which serves both as a solvent and as stage the polymerizations were halted by cooling a polymerization regulator) to ether w h 1 10 the reaction to room temperature and the prodparts f n yl p r e as ly and he ucts were isolated by pouring the reaction mixresulting solution was heated for 17 hours at tures into gasoline. The precipitated interpol 90 C. The reaction mixture was cooled and 0.05 mers were th purified by thorough washing part of tertiary-butyl catechol was added to avert with several portions oi. gasoline and drying in further polymerization. and the carbon tetravacuo t ta t we ht, chloride and unreacted methallyl alcohol were Th am unt of interpolymer formed up t then remo f o the y py reaction Product the moment of gelation furnishes a convenient by distillation under diminished pressure. The measure of the effect which the allylic alcohol viscous residue was poured into gasol n p e ipihas in increasing the yield of the soluble type tating the polymer as a white plastic solid. This 2 interpolymer. was further purified by redissolving it in acetone The data pertinent to these reactions are tabuand precipitating it with gasoline. After the lated in the table. For purposes of comparison productwas dried in vacuo, 28.8 parts of a clear only, data on a styrene-ally] acrylate copolymer solid were obtained. and a styrene-allyl methacrylate copolymer--(a) Analysis-Found: C, 77.93, 77.93%; H, 7.77, a and (b)--are also included in the table, but 7.47%. Iodine (Wijs) number=99.1, 100.0. these are not to be regarded as coming within The above analyses correspond to a ternary the scope of my invention.

\ Table Run Styrene, g fi t h Agl i i, DQ218323 Peroxide, g g Yield, Character 0! Reaction Parts Pa acrylate, Wei ht Wei ht Parts Hours Parts Product P Per out For ent 63.3 36.7 0. 024 7.5 4. 62 complete gelation. 45.3 0.208 3.5 10.2 Do. 53.3 30.7 20.0 0. 024 15.15 10.0 inclpientgelation. 63.3 36.7 80.0 7.5 96.0 102.5 no evidence of gelation. 03.3 36.7 66.5 5.01 50.0 102.0 Do. 48.1 51.9 50.0 1.85 7.0 37.0 incipient gelation. 48.1 51.9 75.0 2.78 30.5 97.0 no evidence of gelation. 28.5 71.5 66.5 5.48 4.2 59.8 incipient gelation. 28.5 11.5 15.0 5.18 22.0 110.0 Do. 68.5 31.5 67.0 2.82 28.0 93.7 no evidence of gelation. 63.3 36.7 50.0 2.81 11.25 52.0 incipient gelation. 53.3 35.1 1.87 15.15 53.0 Do. 50.4 r 1.10 20.15 50.3 Do.

inte po y er p ep e from app o mate y Comparison of Reactions a, c, h, and k in the by weight of styrene, 46.8% of allyl acrylate above table indicates that even with relatively and 0f methallyl alcohol (molar ratio of large amounts of catalyst present, the allylic al- 6.4:5.8:1.0). This represents a conversion f pcohol present is clearly effective in increasing proximately 48.0% of monomeric allyl acrylate the amount of conversion of the monomeric mixand 53.1% of monomeric styrene to the p ymeric ture to the polymeric state before insolubilization form. The iodine number indicates the amount occurs. Moreover, Reactions d, e, and :i show of unsaturation in the polymer which is available that, with suflicient allylic alcohol available in for further polymerization. When the above e the reaction mixture for interpclymerization with ample is repeated in the absence of methallyl alstyrene and the allylic acrylate, no insoluble gel cohol, a considerably lower yield of soluble poly- 55 is formed despite the much longer reaction times mer is obtained prior to gelation. employed in these three reactions, and the major (b) Ten parts of the ternary interpolymer portion of the monomeric styrene and allylic were dissolved in 5.0 parts of methyl acrylate toacrylate or iii-substituted acrylate in the reaction gather with 0.1 part of benzoyl peroxide and the mixture is converted into the soluble polymeric resulting solution was heated at C. for 18 60 form. hours. A hard transparent casting was obtained EXAMPLE 5 which is insoluble in acetone and benzene and retains its toughness as well as its original shape (a) A mixture of 33-8 parts of styrene, 19.6 and dimensions even when heated to 100 C. p s of allyl acryl 213-6 parts of methallyl ((9 Similarly a clear hard casting was prealcohol and 3.0 parts of benzoyl peroxide was pared by heating 5011101011 of 4 parts of t heated for 51 hours at 85-90 C. The unreacted interpolymer in 2 parts of methyl methacrylate methallyl alcohol was then removed by distillatogether with 035 t of benzoyl id 1 tion under diminished pressure and the viscous 11 hours at 60 c. and for an additional 0.15 hour residue s p fied y repeatedly dissolving m at 130 C. The product has a Rockwell hardness acetone. and precipitating with gasoline. After of M84, is insoluble in organic solvents, and redgirlig iin vacuo, 62.4 parts of a, white solid were her even when heated to 130 C. o a ne mains mm and d Analysis.--Found: C, 79.60, 79.54%; H, 8.36,

4 0.30%. Iodine (Wijs) number 52.2, 50.4. To demonstrate the eflicacy oi interpolymeriz- The above analyses correspond to a ternary methyl acrylate in above;

si n t esen a mosphere covered byl Wi ing theireactionmixture into "gas-. 1 5 a dt rsc p t ted l men hu tained was P la a te lrcdi so vi gwit. in an.-;

I 9 interpolymerv derived approximately 53.7% byi sh Qt st en 335% of a l c y an 24.0% of, 'me'thallyl alcohol. (molar ratio oi 2.43 1.00:1.60). This represents 'a conversion 01 approximately 98% of the monomeric styrene and 74% of. the; monomeric allyl acrylate I to. the

polymeric 9 (b) Thirteenparts oi the interpolymer of Example 5, were mixed with 0.65 part of benzoyl peroxide and molded at 130C. and 10,000 p. s. i. for 15 minutes. A hard, clear, insoluble product resulted. .-(c) 'A solution of;5.0 parts ofthe' interpolymer of Example 5 in2.5,parts oi methyi-acrylate was heated, together with 0.05, part" 0! benzoyl .peroxide for 15 hours- ,at;;60 C. The cleanh'ard, tough casting whichresulted was-insoluble in-or ganic solvents and retained its shape andtoughness evenwhen heated-at 110 C.-

1 (d) When vinyl acetate was substitutedfor the a; tough, flexible insoluble castingwasisecured. I

(e) 1 A solution of parts :of the interpolymer of Example 4 inaflmixture :of 0.5 partof allyl acrylate"and- 8'.6 partsvof methyl. acrylateiwas heated together with I 0.2: part or benzoyl' per oxide, at 60 ,C. for, :.hours5and then at 130 C. for, 4 additional? hours. ga'lhe resultant. casting is clear, tough. and-insoluble, andfapossesses a Rockwell hardness of M45.

-Exmts.6 2 Thi e amp eaairo dsdirectgproorof; the exis-' tence-otjreelrvdroxylgroups inzthe .ternary in terpolymersoimyinventions-p1: 1

in 9.8 parts of anhydrous pyridine togeth'enwith.

2.0 parts-orphenyl isocyanateand the resulting ll h w he ed t-5 hydrous C. P. acetone. and precipitating it with pow tssareun ha rese e oiin trose si gror 19 hours. 111F811: 'heipro uct w ss" theiproductindi cates that phenyl isocyanate hasi gbeen=, incor 10 4.8:2.5:1.0). This corresponds top .conversion of approximately 51.7% of the monomeric styrene and"50.0% of the monomeric allyl acrylate to the dro y grou }.0 5..tha iu e no me i d .methauyl alcohol units of the polymer chain 'Irom the magnitudegoi', the; nitrog en content of the p0ly mer it is concluded that the polymer chain contains at least one.interpolymerizedi methallyl alcohol unit .for every eight oil/allyl. acrylate and styrene.

- .MPF

(a) A miaae-ar aia ofstyrene, 19.6

parts ofsallyl acrylate, 53.0 parts of methallyl al' cohol and 1.0 fpart. oLbenzoyl peroxide was heat-" ed. for 1.5 'hours. at. 90 C. 'iOne tenth :part of tertiary-butyl catechol was then added to avert further polymerization and the polymeric product was recovered by pouring the reaction mixture into gasoline. After purifying the precipitated polymer as in previous examples, 30 parts ofa white, acetone-soluble solid were obtained.

Analysia-Found: C. 80.89, 80.95%; H, 7.83, 7.88%. Iodine (Wijs) number 73.0, 73.3.

The analytical data correspond to a ternary interpolymer derived from approximately 58.8% by weight of styrene, 32.7% of allyl acrylate and polymeric form.

A solution of 5.0 parts of the interpolymer of Example 6 in 2.5 parts of methyl acrylate. was heated with 0.05 part oi benzoyl peroxide for 22 hours at C. and then for 5 additional hours at,110 C, A hard, tough insoluble casting was obtained.

EXAMPLE 8 Two and one-half parts of the ternary interpolymer prepared in Example 7 above were dissolved together with'2.5 parts or diallyl phthalate in a mixture of 7.5 parts of acetone and 0.1 part of cyclohexanonaand the resulting solution was poured onto a glass plate and baked at 200 C. for minutes. A clear, hard, tough, colorless film was thus obtained which wastackfree even at 200 C., and was insoluble in acetone and cyclohexanone.

' f EXAMPLE 9 +01) A mixture parts of allyl methacrylate, 55.9 parts of allyl alcohol and 1.0 part of benzoyl peroxide was heated at C. for 3.5 hours. After isolation and puriflcation as in previous examples. 41.5 partsof polymeric product were obtained.

Analysia-Found: C, 79.99, 80.20%; H, 8.21, 8.23%. Iodine (Wijs) number 71.4, 73.8.

The above analyses correspond to a, ternary interpolymer derived from approximately 55.0% by'wei'ght of styrene, 28.0% of allyl methacrylate .and'17.0% of allyl alcohol (molar ratio of 2.38:

1.00:1.32), representing a conversion of approximately 67.5% of monomeric styrene and 52.5% of monomeric allyl methaorylate to the poly-r meric form.

(b) A solution of 5 parts of the interpolymer oi Example 9 in 3.33 parts of methyl methacrylate was heated togetherwith 0.05 part of benzoyl peroxide for 21 hours at 60 C. and then at 110 C.

for anzadditional 5-hours. The product was a clear insoluble casting having a Rockwell hardness of M85.

n Similarly, 5 parts of the interpolymer were dissolved in 2.5 parts of vinyl butyrate together with v 0.05 part of benzoyl peroxide, and the resulting solution was heated for 18 hours at 60 C. and'then for 5 hours at 110 C. By this method a clear. tough casting was obtained which was insoluble in organic solvents such as acetone and EXAMPLE 10 example demonstrates the usefulness of thelnvention in preparing a baking enamel.

solution was made containing .500 parts by weight of styrene-allyl acrylate-methallyl alcohol terpolymer (Example 1), parts by weight/of nbutanol, and 400 parts by weight of commercial xylenes.

To this solution was added approximately 250 parts by weight of rutile titanium dioxide pigment, and the resulting paste finely ground by milling on a standard three-roll ink'mill. enamel base so obtained was reduced to a spraying viscosity with additional butanol-xylene mixed solvent, containing butyl carbitol acetate (i. e., butoxy ethoxyethyl acetate) in a proportion of about 8% based on the weight of the resin. The enamel was sprayed on steel panels and baked for ,20minutes at 400 F. The films were 8.5% of methallyl alcohol (molar ratio 01 75 cured asevidenced by their insolubility, and were of 33.8 parts of styrene, 22.1,

The

, 11' not tacky when hot. Further, they were characterized by good gloss and adhesion, and excellent hardness. Moreover, they possessed an excellent white color; even after baking for one hour at 400 F.; the yellowing was negligible. The flexibility of the films is fairly good. This property can be improved by adding a compound, such as diallyl adipate to the enamel prior to spraying. Thus when I add 15% (by weight based on the weight of the terpolymer) or diallyl adipate, and then proceed as above, the resulting enamel films cure in minutes at 400 F.. and possess the other excellent properties noted. In addition, the films are now more elastic. Thus the panels can be flexed through 90 angles and only negligible cracking of the films occurs.

While I have shown and described various embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is susceptible to those modifi- CH2=C R COO--CH:C(R) =CH:

where each R is one of the radicals hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, and chlorine, and an allylic alcohol of the formula CHFC-OHIOH where X is one of the radicals hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, and chlorine, which is characterized as being soluble in acetone, said interpolymerizate having intact unsaturated allylic radicals, the

proportion by weight of the allylic alcohol based on the total weight of the other reactive mono mers being at least 10%.

2. A method which comprises heating together in the presence of a peroxide catalyst an allylic acrylate of the formula OHFQ-OHIOH where X is one of the radicals hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, and chlorine, until the mixture is interpolymerized to a point short of gelation, whereby to form an interpolymer having intact unsaturated allylic radicals and characterized as being soluble in acetone, the ratio of the allylic alcohol to the total weight of the other unsaturated monomers in the initial reaction mixture being at least 10% 12 3. A method which comprises heating together in the presence or a peroxide catalyst an allylic acrylate oi the formula methyl, ethyl, and chlorine, styrene, and an allylic alcohol of the formula where X is one of the radicals hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, and chlorine, until the mixture is interpolymerized to a point short 01 gelation, whereby to form an interpolymer having intact unsaturated allylic radicals and characterized as being soluble in acetone. the ratio of the allylic alcohol to the total weight'oi the other unsaturated-mom omers in the initial reaction mixture being at least 10%.

4. An interpolymerizate of a styrene selected from the class consisting oi styrene, nuclearmethyl-substituted styrenes and nuclear-chlorine-substituted styrenes, in which the'vinyl group is intact, a compound or the formula CH2=C(R)-CO--O-CH2-C(R) ==CH2 where R is a radical selected from the class consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, and chlorine, and an I allylic alcohol comprising the group where X is one oi-the radicals hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, and chlorine, said interpolymerizate having intact unsaturated allylic radicals, the proportion by weight of the allylic alcohol based on the total weight of the other reactive monomers being at least 10%.

5. A ternary interpolymerizate of styrene, allyl acrylate and methallyl alcohol, the interpolymerizate having intact unsaturated allylic radicals, the proportion by weight of the methallyl alcohol based on the total weight or the other reactive monomers being at least 10%.

6. A ternary interpolymerizate of styrene, allyl acrylate and allyl alcohoL-the interpolymerizate having intact unsaturated allylic radicals, the

proportion by weight of the allyl alcohol based on the total weight of the other reactive monomers being at least 10%.

7. An enamel containing an interpolymerizate as set forth in claim 4, and including also a pigment and a resin solvent.

ROBERT H. SNYDER.

REFERENCES crrEn The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS DAlelio June 12. 1945 

